The different forms used in classical symphonies are defined by repetition, particularly sonata form, so I'm not really sure what you all are getting at. But here are some of my faves that you can't go wrong with:
Haydn No. 92
Mozart No. 39
Beethoven No. 2
Schumann No. 1
Brahms No. 4
For stuff that's more repetitive on the surface, and I guess that's what you're getting at, you're going to have to look at the 20th century. Maybe something like Prokofiev's 2nd or the 3rd movement of Shostakovich's 8th. For terrifying like Beethoven's 9th, you should look for some Bruckner or Mahler.
Dark, powerful piano music. Uh, I don't know, Scriabin? What's wrong with joyful, prance-around music?
Speaking of Rhys Chatham, his Die Donnergotter is pretty cool. And it's repetitive. Not a symphony though. If you really want repetitive, why not listen to some Steve Reich?
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