To be fair, the beatniks were a youth cult that had their own slang that predated the writing of A Clockwork Orange. So it didn't so much anticipate as reflect their emergence. the beatniks weren't a criminal subculture though, however lots of criminal gangs used slang terms before A Clockwork Orange. Cockney rhyming slang came out of just that world and lots of words used by Spivs did too. They were codes used to confuse the police and 'outsiders' so they wouldn't know what was actually being said.
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